Grade 3 titanium is a commercial pure titanium alloy of the α-β type, known for its high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and weldability. Its main chemical components include: iron (Fe) ≤0.3%, carbon (C) ≤0.1%, nitrogen (N) ≤0.05%, oxygen (O) ≤0.15%, with the remainder being titanium (Ti). The density of Grade 3 titanium is approximately 4.5 g/cm³, with a melting point of 1660°℃, and it has moderate ductility and good plasticity. It complies with the Grade 3 requirements of ISO 5832-2 and corresponds to standards such as ASTM B265-Gr3, ASTM B348 Grade 3, and UNS R50550.
Product parameter
Density: 4.51 g/cm³, about 40% lighter than steel.
Melting point: 1660-1668 °C, boiling point 3535 °C.
Thermal conductivity: 20.9W/ (m·K), with relatively low thermal performance.
Thermal expansion coefficient: 8.6-9.7 μm/(m·°C) (increasing with temperature in the range of 20-500 °C).
Resistivity: 5.2×10⁻⁵ ohm·cm.
Elastic modulus: 105-120 GPa, Poissons ratio 0.37.
Tensile strength: 345-410 MPa, yield strength 275-450 MPa.
Elongation: 20%-25% (annealed state).
Hardness: 35 HRC (annealed state), 54-60 HRC (hardening treatment).
Fatigue strength: 300-425 MPa, fracture toughness 66 MPa·m².
Low-temperature performance: maintains high toughness and strength below-253 °C.
Corrosion resistance: performs well in neutral and oxidizing media (such as seawater, moist chlorine), but has poor corrosion resistance to strong reducing acids (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid).
Oxidation layer: spontaneously forms a dense oxide film (TiO₂) on the surface, which can resist high-temperature oxidation (≤350 °C).
Processing technic
Outer diameter: 150-1500 mm.
Inner diameter (ring material): 35-400 mm.
Cross-sectional height: 20-600 mm.
Thickness (ring material): 40-150 mm.
Dimensional tolerance: ±3 mm (specifically adjusted according to product dimensions).
Raw material preparation: High-purity sponge titanium (purity ≥99.7%) is extruded into blocks and welded into strips.
Melting: Titanium ingots are melted in a vacuum arc furnace (VAR) or electron beam furnace (EBM), controlling oxygen and nitrogen impurities. Forging/rolling: Titanium ingots are hot-rolled into sheets or bars in the β phase region (1000-1080°°C).
Annealing: Soft annealing at 820-850°C to eliminate internal stresses, followed by stress-relief annealing at 600-650°°C. Cold working and forming: Cold rolling, stamping, and welding (recommendation for TIG welding).
Surface treatment: Pickling with an acid solution (HF-HNO₃ mixture) to remove the oxide layer, followed by polishing or sandblasting to enhance corrosion resistance.
Main application areas of Grade 3
Chemical Equipment: Corrosion-resistant reactors, heat exchangers, pipes (especially suitable for chloride, nitric acid, sulfuric acid media). Marine Engineering: Seawater desalination units, marine pumps and valves, submarine components.
Aerospace: Aircraft skin, fasteners, landing gear (requiring lightweight and fatigue resistance).
Medical Field: Surgical implants (such as bone plates, screws), dental instruments (relying on biocompatibility).
Food and Pharmaceutical: Fermentation tanks, conveying pipelines (to avoid metal ion contamination).
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