Titanium explosion composite plate is a double-layer or multi-layer metal composite plate manufactured by explosion composite technology, with titanium or titanium alloy as the cladding (composite material) and carbon steel, low-alloy steel or stainless steel as the base (substrate).
Coating (titanium material): usually 2-5mm thick, mainly used for corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc., and is the side in contact with corrosive media.
Base layer (steel): provides the required strength and stiffness for the structure, bears the main mechanical loads, and the thickness is determined according to the design requirements.
Combining interface: Through explosive composite technology, metallurgical bonding of two metals at the interface has been achieved. Simply put, it is the "skin of titanium, skeleton of steel", which not only has the corrosion resistance of pure titanium equipment, but also significantly reduces costs (because titanium is expensive), and ensures the strength of the overall structure, which is highly favored by customers.
The principle of explosive bonding (for titanium steel combination) belongs to solid-state welding. The core principle is to use the instantaneous ultra-high pressure and high-speed impact generated by the explosion of explosives to cause the two layers of metal to tilt and collide, thereby achieving bonding. This process is so rapid that the metal does not have time to melt (or only has a very thin melting layer).
Key steps and phenomena:
1. Preparation: Place the titanium cladding (composite) parallel to the steel substrate (base material), leaving a certain gap in the middle. Spread explosives evenly on the titanium plate.
2. Detonation: The explosive is detonated from one end, and the detonation wave advances forward at an extremely high speed (usually 2000-3000 m/s).
3. Collision and Jet: Under the pressure of the detonation wave, the titanium plate is accelerated and collides with the steel plate at a great angle and velocity (up to 500-800 m/s). At the collision point, extremely high pressure is generated (far exceeding the dynamic yield strength of the material), causing the surfaces of the two metals to form an outward metal jet like a fluid.
4. Purification and combination: This jet thoroughly removes oxides, adsorbed gases, and pollutants from the two layers of metal surfaces like a "broom", exposing an extremely clean and lively original metal surface.
5. Metallurgical bonding: Under the subsequent high pressure, these two pure metal surfaces achieve a strong solid-state metallurgical bonding within the atomic spacing. The interface usually presents a typical wavy structure, which is a characteristic feature of explosive recombination. This shape greatly increases the bonding area and mechanical biting force.
