Pure Titanium Foil

Pure titanium foil is an extremely thin metal sheet made from pure titanium through multiple cold rolling and intermediate annealing processes. Specifications: The thickness is typically between 0.01-0.3mm, the width is generally less than 600mm, and the length can be customized according to requirements. Thickness tolerance can reach ±0.005mm, and width tolerance is ±0.1mm.

Pure titanium foil has a high specific strength, with a density of only 4.51 g/cm³, about 40% lighter than steel, yet it has high strength; it has strong corrosion resistance, forming a dense oxide film on the surface in air or oxygen-containing media, and it can self-repair if damaged; it has good biocompatibility, showing no adverse reactions with human tissues or blood; it also has resistance to extreme heat and cold, with a melting point of up to 1668°C, maintaining good ductility and toughness even in extremely cold or hot environments. The chemical composition of titanium foil is shown in Table 1; the mechanical properties of titanium foil at different annealing temperatures are shown in Table 2.

As industries such as microfabrication and microelectromechanical systems require increasingly higher product precision for foils, the demands on the foil preparation process have also risen. The main methods for preparing foils include electrolytic deposition, magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, and rolling. Among these, foils prepared by rolling have good quality and high efficiency.

Foils produced by rolling processes have excellent performance, high surface brightness, high productivity, and advantages in scale and output. Therefore, rolling is frequently used for foil production, and the development history of rolling mills is quite complex. The father of the twenty-roll mill, Polansen Jiemier, developed the first twenty-roll mill, which could even roll foils just a few microns thick. To produce even thinner and more precise products, people tried reducing the roll diameter. The former Soviet Union's Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy developed 32-roll and 36-roll mills, producing extremely thin 0.005 mm 79HM strips. Later, the China Iron & Steel Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Nonferrous Metals in China, and Japan all used 26–36 roll mills with roll diameters of Φ1.7–3.5 mm, rolling foils to 1–2 µm. Northeast University independently designed a unique 3M mill (Micro Metal Forming Mill) using rolling pressure, shear force, and tensile stress, specifically for foil rolling, and with 50 mm work rolls, could roll copper, aluminum, and steel to below 0.001 mm, achieving a D/h ratio of 50,000, breaking the minimum rollable thickness limit by 20–50 times. Subsequent improvements led to the 3M-II model (roll width 200 mm) and 3M-III model (roll width 500 mm) for foil production, playing an extremely important role in producing high-quality foils.

In recent years, the market demand for foil materials has been continuously increasing. For example, copper foil with a thickness of 0.009-0.020mm is used in electric vehicle batteries and printed circuit boards. Small robots are used in biomedical applications. Additionally, various foils are used in different markets, such as steel foil mainly for instruments and meters in aerospace equipment, titanium foil for decorative meshes on jet engines, tungsten-molybdenum foil for heating elements, and stainless steel foil for precision instruments. The micro materials required by these advanced micro-manufacturing industries have smaller size requirements and higher precision standards. It can be anticipated that the development pace of ultra-thin rolled strips in China will further accelerate.

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